Inflection Point??

On February 20, 2026 Saturn will finally conjoin Neptune, the only exact conjunction of these two planets in this cycle; this conjunction is also conjunct the IC of the United States as well as the Aries Point.

Saturn Neptune Conjunction

Saturn-Neptune Conjunction and USA

I don’t know when this triple conjunction of Saturn, Neptune, and the Aries Point happened previously, but consider that the Saturn Neptune conjunction happens every 36 years, and assume every degree gets the conjunction once, then the last time this happened was 36 X 360 or almost 13000 years ago. Perhaps the significant event at that time was what is called the “Neolithic Revolution” where humans developed agriculture and a more settled lifestyle. Of course, some people argue that everything started to go downhill for humanity after the Neolithic Revolution. But in either case, this was a major turning point for humanity.

Magnified Graphical Ephemeris Saturn Neptune Conjunction

If we examine a magnified section of a graphical ephemeris we can see just how close this conjunction is to both the Aries Point (solid horizontal black line) and the Midheaven (dashed light grey line) of the United States. It is midway between those two points which are in fact close together. So not only do we have Saturn conjunct Neptune at the Aries point, incredibly significant to the world at large (which is represented by the Aries Point since everyone in the world has the Aries Point in common) but also this conjunction is directly opposite the MC of the US — conjunct the IC — and thus the base or foundation of the United States — which is what is represented by the IC — is directly hit by this conjunction. This will certainly shake up the foundations of the United States, which will affect the whole world, but you already can see that.

Saturn-Neptune Almost Exact Conjunction

In July of 2025 the Saturn and Neptune conjunction got within a quarter of a degree of exact and both went retrograde at the same time and thus the conjunction was never exact. In the magnified view you can see how both planets turned retrograde in unison.

Saturn-Neptune Almost Exact Conjunction

Saturn-Neptune Conjunction 1989

The last time this conjunction happened was in 1989. That year the conjunction happen three times; the most interesting was the third, on November 13, when Jupiter was closely opposite the conjunction. This Jupiter-Saturn opposition marked the midpoint — Full Jupiter so to speak — of the twenty year bi-decade that is the Eighties/Nineties. The fall on the Berlin Wall, which heralded the fall of the Soviet Union and other Communist Countries in Eastern Europe, happened on November 9, 1989. This supposedly marked the end of the Cold War (that had started at the end of the Second World War) and according to some this also marked the End of History (see The End of History and the Last Man by Francis Fukuyama which was published in 1992). This also involved a big change in the Western powers (see Cold War Triumphalism edited by Ellen Schrecker and published 12 years later). The United States took victory laps after this happened and President Clinton even managed to determine who the leader of the newly-born Russia was, as a cover story entitled “Yanks to the Rescue” shows. One can easily imagine the uproar if the Russian President was accused of helping an American win the Presidency!!

“Yanks to the Rescue”

Let us look at some other examples of hard aspects between Saturn and Neptune:

U.S. Off Gold Standard

An August 15, 1971 speech by United States President Richard Nixon was a big event for the world economy, but most did not realize how big for many years after. This event is considered the end of the Bretton Woods System that was established after World War II, named after the town in New Hampshire where the agreement was reached. After this statement by President Nixon, dollars were no longer convertible to gold. Among the many ramification was that money was made not through making actual things but through financial manipulation. In the long run, this decision by Nixon shifted power from industry to finance, and so what was capitalism of the Sixties and Seventies is not what capitalism is now.

Nixon Shock Speech

When we look at the chart for August 15, 1971 we don’t see anything specific. But looking at the graphical ephemeris around that date reveals something interesting.

Nixon Shock Graphical Ephemeris

Saturn and Neptune made three oppositions — indicated by 2, 3, and 4 — once before and twice after the speech whose date is indicated by the center line. In addition, the Jupiter Saturn opposition (much like the Jupiter-Saturn opposition which occurred almost twenty years later at the fall of the Berlin Wall) occurred twice before the speech and once after.

But there is also Pluto crossing the Cardinal Axis at 0 Libra — indicated by 1 — and also conjoining the MC of the United States. The period of 1972 and 1973 is known in the United States as the Watergate crisis, which ultimately saw the only resignation of a US President in history. That event is certainly appropriate for Pluto on the Midheaven of the US; at the time many expressed disbelief at what was happening to the government of the country.

The “Great Recession” was a meltdown of the financial markets in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Unlike the Great Depression of 1929, which had an exact date — Dark Thursday (October 24, 1929) — when the stock market fell greatly after booming for much of the decade, we don’t have an exact date for the Great Recession. But by looking at the graphical ephemeris for that period we can see what happened.

The Great Recession

Saturn was opposite Neptune three times right before the “Great Recession” at 2, 3, and 4. In addition Pluto crossed the Cardinal Axis as it enters Capricorn, indicated by 1. Thus Pluto is square the MC/IC axis of the United States. This is similar to the Nixon Shock, where there was also Saturn opposite Neptune and Pluto making a hard aspect to the Cardinal Axis and the US MC. The midpoint of these two events was the conjunction of Saturn and Neptune marked by the fall of the Wall.

Notice that the event of note doesn’t always happen at the time of the exact aspect. It did for the fall of the Wall, but for both the Nixon Shock and the Great Recession there was a time delay. Thus whether or not a significant event happens close to February 2026 or is delayed months is something we will see. Stay tuned….

And Just in Time For The Election

The dominant story of 2020 involves the three planets Jupiter, Saturn, and Pluto.  Each pair of these planets has a conjunction during the year, and there is much expectation of what those conjunctions will bring.  The first is the Saturn-Pluto conjunction on January 12.  Then the first of three Jupiter-Pluto conjunctions takes place on April 4.  Finally the Jupiter Saturn conjunction occurs on the solstice of December 21, 2020.

 

sapl2020

Saturn Pluto Conjunction

 

jupl2020

Jupiter Pluto Conjunction

 

jusa2020

Jupiter Saturn Conjunction

 

But I want to point out a combination of the three planets with Mars added in just to give the whole thing some spice.  That is, as illustrated in the chart below, on or about October 16, 2010, less that three week before the Presidential election in the United States.

 

oct162020

New Moon Before Election

 

Does this chart portend anything interesting?  It’s hard to pick the best date here, but I chose this one because there is also a new moon, which indicates new beginnings.  In this chart we have Jupiter conjunct Pluto conjunct Saturn within a total spread of about six degrees.  Pluto is at the midpoint of Jupiter and Saturn.  Mars is square Pluto and most especially Jupiter.  The New Moon is opposite Mars and square Saturn and closely square Pluto and thus there is a T-Square with that triple conjunction of those three planets that are the stars of 2020 at the apex.  Completing the picture we have Venus opposite Neptune (romantic love/deceptions in justice) and Uranus opposite Mercury (changes in the way of thinking).  So the two other outer planets, Uranus and Neptune, are aspecting two personal planets, Mercury and Venus.  On that day every planet is making an aspect.

 

oct162020us

 

Furthermore, looking at the US chart, the triple conjunction is opposite the US Mercury, representing the press of the nation, and the New Moon is squaring Mercury and sesquiquadrate Uranus, completing the natal Mercury semisquare Uranus, which represents a basic theme of the United States, freedom.  I am sure that basic issues about the nature of America will come up at this time.  And this year will bring up many issues regarding the press, which will be discussed in another blog post soon.

 

oct092020

Last Quarter Moon

 

Another interesting chart is for the last quarter moon just before this new moon.  In this one retrograde Mars is exactly square Pluto, the Moon is opposite Jupiter and thus completing a T-square with the Sun at the apex, Neptune is sextile Jupiter and trine the Moon thus forming half a kite formation that shares a base opposition with the T-square.

If we compare this with the earlier chart Mars is even tighter in a square to Pluto and the Moon is opposite Jupiter and thus the Sun is square Jupiter, forming a T square.  Pluto is closely at the midpoint of Jupiter and Saturn chart on October 9, the last quarter moon before the New Moon on October 16.  In this chart the square of Mars and Pluto is almost exact.

 

tg2020

 
These various permutations of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Pluto are obvious in the graphical ephemeris for the period in question.  Starting in August Mars (red line) crosses in order Jupiter (blue line), Pluto (dark red line), and then Saturn (light blue line), turns retrograde and the again crosses Saturn, Pluto and Jupiter before turning direct and crossing those three planets — Pluto, Saturn, Jupiter — again at the beginning of 2021; Mars squares Jupiter for the last time when Jupiter is square Uranus in January.  At the date in question — center line of the graphical ephemeris — as you can see Mars is exactly square Pluto.

So I see October as the month when Jupiter, Saturn, and Pluto are set up for action by Mars crisscrossing those planets in late summer and early fall of 2020, just in time for the US election that many people are looking forward to with hope or trepidation or both.

 

electday2020

Election Day

 

And for future reference, here is the chart for election day.  There is still the conjunction of Jupiter, Saturn, and Pluto opposite the US Mercury.  There are four retrograde planets: Neptune, Uranus, Mars, and Mercury.  Having a national election when Mercury is retrograde (stationary turning direct) suggests that the early elections reports shouldn’t be trusted.  Mars — the least often retrograde planet — retrograde as well as opposite the natal Saturn suggests that the outcome will be delayed or that questions will arise (quelle surprise!!).  And of course that triple conjunction that has been featured above suggests problems in communication.  An election to remember!

Saturn on the Ascendant

Saturn is a relatively fast moving planet, compared with the three outer planets of Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.  Saturn was the slowest moving known planet through all of history before the Enlightenment, and circles the Sun in about a third of the time as the next outer planet Uranus — Saturn takes almost 30 years.  So transits of Saturn across the angles of the US chart are not nearly as impressive as those of the slower moving planets, but there is something noticeable.  This is important to discuss now, since we are seeing another case of this transit, along with a slower moving transit.  As two examples below indicate, when Saturn transits an angle combined with a transit of an outer planet over the same angle, the results can be especially impressive.

 

saas1898

 

The first Saturn Ascendant case we will explore is the Spanish American War, when Saturn was conjunct the Ascendant of the US, and to make this more important, Pluto was on the Descendant and thus opposite Saturn at the same time, as was explored in an early entry on this blog. The Spanish America War is considered important to the development of the imperial United States because it was the first time that the US took a colony, and in fact several, outside the confines of continental North America.  Not only did the US take Cuba from the Spanish, and it was a “colony” of the United States until it was overthrown by Fidel Castro in 1959, but also an even larger colony of the Philippines, which necessitated a bloody war to put down a rebellion.  The American Anti-Imperialist League was founded in 1898 to oppose annexation of the Philippines.  Among the prominent members were authors Mark Twain, Ambrose Bierce, Henry James, and William Dean Howells, as well as ex-president Grover Cleveland and industrialist Andrew Carnegie.

 

saas1942

 

Saturn was opposite the Ascendant of the United States in 1942 and 1943, when the US had just entered World War II, despite strong reservations about entering the war among the populace, and the war was not going in the Allies favor.  The Soviet Union had been invaded by Germany the previous year, and large scale fighting was happening on the Eastern Front, with millions killed.  The beginning of the Holocaust was happening, though few in America had an inkling of what was going on.

 

saas1957

 

The following conjunction of Saturn to the Ascendant was in 1957 as the first earth satellite, Sputnik, was launched by the Soviets on October 4.  The beep, beep, beep that the satellite put out was a sign of fear in the United States; this was the height of the Cold War, when America, which had survived the Second World War with little damage or loss of life, thought that they were far beyond the Soviets, who had much of the war fought on their territory and had lost tens of millions of people.  The Americans had real fears when the Soviets were ahead of them in the “Space Race”.  The fact that early American attempts at launching a satellite failed did not help the mood in the country.  The thought was that the Soviets could launch nuclear-armed ICBMs (Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles) at America with their missile technology.  As a result, much like the current emphasis on STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) studies, there developed after this event a push for more science and mathematics education in the US schools, which probably resulted in many computer people who made their mark on the country in the last decades.

 

saas1972

 

The next opposition was in June 1972, just as the break-in at the Watergate Hotel was happening (June 17, 1972).  This seemingly minor break-in, before a Presidential election, would have profound repercussions for the United States in the next couple of years.  In the following years, this seemed like a traumatic event, and the nation’s peoples were rooted to their television sets (no social media at the time, since the Internet was only some three years old and not available to the public) following the preceedings of the Watergate Committee of Congress.

 

saas1986

 

The next Saturn conjunct Ascendant was December 1986 as the Iran-Contra Affair was unfolding.  In normal cases this incident, which involved the US government trading arms illegally to Iran in exchange for the Western hostages that were held by allies of Iran in Lebanon, would have resulted in the impeachment of President Reagan.  But the “Teflon” President scraped through, arguing that he was unaware of the incident.  This exposure made many Americans more doubtful about their country.  Eugene Hasenfus, an American pilot, was shot down over Nicaragua on October 5, 1986, while carrying weapons to the US-supported Contras which were fighting the government of Nicaragua, thus exposing the whole scheme.

 

saas2001

 

The next opposition, when Saturn was on the Descendant and Pluto was on the Ascendant, the opposite of the Spanish-American War configuration, was when the Twin Towers in New York City were taken down by airplanes, known as 9/11.  This was discussed in more detail here.

The next conjunction is in this year, 2016, but there is also at the same time a transit of the outer planet Neptune square the Ascendant, and thus this is the transiting Saturn square Neptune aspect also which has been discussed at least twice before.  Briefly, this aspect occurs when the people are getting tired of something that seemed like a good idea when it was started.  While you can see the link for a full discussion of these events with charts, I will summarize them again.  These words were written before the Brexit vote in Great Britain, but the results of that vote are entirely in keeping with the meaning of Saturn in hard aspect to Neptune.  The European Union, which a majority of United Kingdom voters chose to leave, is primarily a neoliberal institution, despite the hopes of those who initially had the idea of a united Europe.

These quadrature aspects — conjunction, opposition, square — of Saturn and Neptune often happen near the end of long wars.  This is especially true with our current two long running wars — in Iraq and Afghanistan.  Of course, America is now involved in so many wars around the world, and attempting to start more wars, that as the saying goes it is difficult to keep track of them all without a scorecard.  In fact, the New York Times recently noted that President Obama is the first President during whose entire eight years in office the US was at war.  That fact alone says an awful lot about the times we live in.

Saturn was opposite Neptune in late 1862 and 1863 when the Civil War was being fought, the bloodiest battle on the Continental United States.  Many people had doubts about the wisdom of this war.  Men in the North could pay $300 for someone to take their place in the Army and many did.

The opposition of these two planets occurred again, three times, in 1899, after the Spanish American War had been stated.  There was growing doubt about this war which was America’s first attempt at colonialism, as illustrated by the formation of the American Anti-Imperialist League mentioned above.

A Saturn-Neptune conjunction occurred in late 1917 just as America entered the First World War, despite President Woodrow Wilson campaigning on the pledge to keep the US out of the War.  The jingoism inspired by this entry to the War changed America and the government in ways that could not have been foreseen.

There was a square of the two planets in 1944, 1945 as World War II was nearing its end, though not all realized it at the time.  The battle had been long and bloody, especially for America soldiers in the war in the Pacific.

These was a conjunction of those two planets in late 1952 and 1953, as the Korean War, which appeared to be an easy victory when it started, dragged on for several years to the increasing disgust of Americans.

There was an opposition of the planets in 1971 and 1972 as there was increasing abhorrence of the long running Vietnam War, which had spread to neighboring countries of Laos and Cambodia.  Many protests erupted on campuses across the nation after the news about the incursions into other countries became known.

There was a square of Saturn and Neptune in 1979 and 1980, which saw the American hostages captured by Iran after the US-supported Shah had been overthrown in a popular uprising.  The American hostages generated continuous headlines in the media and arguably lead to the defeat of President Carter in the election of 1980.

There was a conjunction of the two planets in 1989, discussed further here.  This saw the fall of the Berlin Wall, almost on the date of the third exact conjunction, and the downfall of several other Communist regimes.

There was a square in 1998 and 1999, just as the Clinton Impeachment trial was happening.  Americans were disgusted either by the tawdry details of Clinton’s affair or the Republicans hounding of a sitting President for a minor event.  Meanwhile, there occurred the Battle of Seattle where crowds were protesting the World Trade Organization — another neolibereal institution — meeting in that city.

The previous oppositions of Saturn and Neptune were in 2006 and 2007, as the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, promised as quick victories, were still dragging on.  But of course US troops are still fighting in both countries, plus many more, as the upcoming square happens on 11/26/2015, 6/17/2016, and 9/10/2016.

In this case, Neptune is square the Ascendant of the United states as well, and so that aspect has to also be considered, as well as the conjunction of Saturn to the Ascendant as well as the square of the two planets which will be felt around the world.

 

tgsane2016

 

Here is a graphical ephemeris showing the behavior of Saturn and Neptune over this year. Saturn first crossed the Ascendant of the US (dashed golden line) at the black arrow, and then Saturn is square Neptune and they both cross the Ascendant at the red arrow, and on the center line, at June 15 of this year.  Note that the horrific shooting at an Orlando nightclub took place on the morning of June 12.  Then Saturn is again square Neptune at the green arrow, and the final crossing of Saturn over the Ascendant is at the blue arrow on approximately October 13.

While currently there are many things that looked like a good idea when started but are now seen to go badly, the most obvious, because there have been increasing signs of discontent from the populace, is Neoliberalism.

Neoliberalism started in the late Seventies and has grown since then.  This graph will illustrate what has happened, so it is worth discussing in detail.  In all instances, it is common for older people to complain that the world as it is now is not like the world they knew when they were young; this complaint that the world is going to hell in a hand-basket has echoed down through history: there are instances of the ancient Greeks making the same complaint.  But as we shall see in the graph below, now the complaint is real: The world is more avaricious now then it was fifty years ago.  This change has affected everything.  See this link above for more details and what astrological formation represented this major change, and why it was such a major change.

 

gini

The Gini Index is a standard measure of inequality.  A Gini of 0 means total equality of income — everyone has the same income — while a Gini of 1 means total inequality, one person has everything.  This graph shows the Gini in the United States and Great Britain (and Holland to some extent) over the last two hundred fifty years.  Decreasing Gini show that more equality is happening while rising Gini shows that society is becoming more unequal.  From the graph one can see that inequality increased to a peak in second half of the Nineteenth Century and then fell slightly.  Then with the Great Depression inequality in the United States fell sharply until it bottomed out about 1950; inequality remained low through about 1975 when it began to rise and right now inequality is as high or higher than it has ever been in the United States.  This has been the result of neoliberalism practiced over the last forty years.  People in the working class have felt shafted for a long time, and with the Great Recession the middle class, those of that class that are left, have felt it also. But people remained compliant (see, for example, the recent book The Age of Acquiescence by Steve Fraser for details).  But over the last few years we have seen a transit of Pluto opposite the Sun of the United States.  The last time this happened was before birth of the US, when Britain passed various measures to get more money out of the colonies, and the stage for the Revolution was set.  In that case the Sun represented the King and Great Britain.  Now the Sun represents the President and government, and people are not happy with them.  We’ve seen some of this played out on the political stage over the last year. Any politician who is somewhat wise (I realize that may be an oxymoron) should pay attention to these developments, because they are cresting after an incubation period of forty years.  But at best politicians will blame any action against neoliberalism as the result of the deluded thinking of low-information voters.

 

tgplsu

 

This graphical ephemeris, for a seven and a half year period centered on January 6, 2015, shows Pluto’s transit opposite the Sun of the US chart – dark yellow dashed line.  You can see that in the current times, about two grid lines to the right of the center line, Pluto again comes close to the US Sun, about two degrees from exact, but will not exactly oppose it again this cycle.  Depending on the orb you use, Pluto has been opposite the US Sun for five years.

The effects of Neptune squaring the Ascendant are, well, Neptunian.  There is much delusion in the public sphere; to me it seems worse than it has ever been, even in the first Cold War.  The journalist profession has been greatly reduced by the rise of the Internet, but those that are left have engaged in malpractice by their propagandistic reporting.  A couple of examples from the current time is the woeful failure of the news media, supporting the dominant paradigm, in their description of Presidential candidates (Trump is a fascist, Sanders is a socialist, Clinton is a progressive) and their behavior as a stenographer for the government in their covering up of the potential for war (if war has not already started), with a massing of NATO troops at the Russian border, the greatest the world has seen since World War II.  It was 75 years ago that the last massing of troops on the Russian border happened — Operation Barbarossa — which resulted in over two million Soviet citizens killed within three months, and the Russians remember this, even if the West does not.  The news media propaganda ignores facts such as seen in the map below.  Neptune is very heavy in the cover-up.

 

russia-wants-war

 

Another more positive manifestation of Neptune is with drugs.  The whole war on drugs scenario, which has been going on for a hundred years, and not forty some years as people like to claim, is rapidly being called into disrepute in states of the US and countries around the world.  And once people lose their beliefs in the evils of (some) “drugs”, governments may have problems with their populace.  This will cause big changes in the upcoming years, because a major lie of most countries and the United Nations has been exposed. People have yet another reason to distrust what they are told; this is not good for keeping the people in line.

Saturn and Neptune: Disillusion

There are many quadrature aspects — square, opposition, conjunction — of Saturn and Neptune: they happen about once a decade.  (Disclosure: The author has Saturn and Neptune configured to a Personal Point.)  Saturn represents discipline, discrimination, restriction; it has a bad reputation but without Saturn things would go wildly out of control.  Neptune represents spirit, imagination, unconscious drives, illusion, deception.  Neptune can be a very transcendent force, but unfortunately many people have a difficulty recognizing it (cf. mental illness)  and there seems to be even more difficulty with the forces represented  by Neptune when people act as a mass.

Richard Tarnas talks about this combinations representing confusion, doubt, alienation, uncertainty, disenchantment, disillusion, sorrow, and conciliation.  Saturn allows you to see through the illusions that Neptune brings, though that is not always comfortable.  Sometimes we are happier with our illusions  and dreams and do not want to awaken  from them and have to face reality.  But sometimes we need to face reality to grow.

Saturn and Neptune combinations are difficult to describe accurately — the hard nosed  reality of Saturn versus the numinous quality of Neptune.  Ebertin gives  the principle for this combination as “suffering, renunciation, asceticism”.  I think it will be more useful to look at examples of this pair of planets from history.

SaNe1953

Korean War

There was a Saturn-Neptune conjunction in the closing years of the Korean War.  The Korean War had started  out with high hopes among the Americans and their allies, but as  it dragged on with no progress but increasing causalities,  the war became less and less popular and people became disillusioned (a Saturn-Neptune word).  It often happens  that after the reality of any war seeps into people’s consciousness, the patriotic  and jingoistic feelings they had at the beginning tend to fade.  For the Korean War this loss of illusion is illustrated by the movie and later television show MASH.

SaNe1945

End of World War I

The closing square of those two planet directly preceding the conjunction of the Korean War was in 1944-45 and indicates the feeling of dread among, most especially the Germans and the Japanese, when people saw that the war started with such high hopes for ruling the word end in such misery.  And  life in the German and Japanese homelands was not very nice after the Allied bombings of such places as Dresden and Tokyo.  For the Allies, even though the end of the war in Europe was clear after D-Day (June 6, 1944) there was still much fighting to do.  In the Pacific theater, there were events like the Bataan Death March and the more  recent Battle of Iwo Jima that were ominous suggestions that the Pacific war would last for a long while, even though Japan’s desire for surrender was known to high officials.

SaNe1936

Roosevelt Depression

The opposition of Saturn and Neptune preceding that was 1936-37.  This is often called the “Roosevelt Depression”.  After  his  re-election with a huge majority, FDR felt that the economy was improving so well that he could cease so much government interference in the economy.  He was wrong, and the employment rate rose again.  The country did not really get out of the Depression until spending for the Second World War started up.  The optimism engendered by the New Deal was tarnished  when unemployment increased.

SaNe1926

Mid-Twenties

The square before that was in 1926.  In the United States this was the year of the Scopes trial, celebrated in the play and movie Inherit the Wind.  It represented the outcome of the conflict between the forces of modernism represented  by Darwin and his theory of evolution, and the fundamentalist who took the Bible literally.  In that case the illusions and beliefs of the fundamentalist had came up against the reality of the modern world, and lost.   But here we are now 90 years later and it appears that the forces arrayed against modernism are stronger that ever.

SaNe1917

World War I

The conjunction before that was in 1917.  The  war people were being disillusioned with was the First World War (“The War To End All Wars”), which was much bloodier than anyone could have  imagined before, and lasted much longer than many had thought.  World War I was the first truly industrial war, with poison gas, machine guns, tanks, and airplanes.  In some battles only a few feet of territory were captured in a day.   The whole generation of people, whether or not they fought in the war , were disillusioned. The escape of the Twenties was one result of a retreat from that war.

SaNe1909

Last Transcontinental Walk

The closing square before this was in 1909.  One of the events of that year, which takes on much more importance  in hindsight, is referred to in a  recent book called The Last Great Walk by Wayne Curtis.  Though it is difficult, if not impossible, to comprehend now that once, a century ago, many people use to walk for recreation and competition.  In 1909 an American Edward Weston (not the photographer) walked from New York to San Francisco and it was covered by the news media.  This turned out to be the last time such a walk was attempted because the automobile was taking over the country for transportation and  even recreation.  This would  have many unintended consequences that could not be guessed of at that time, a little over 100 years ago.  As  a result of the automobile’s increasing dominance of the world, the atmosphere has filled  up with car exhaust resulting in the climate change that is becoming apparent now.   People’s lack of exercise due to being able to drive anywhere has resulted in increased obesity and many physical diseases that were relatively unknown at the time, as well as many traffic accidents that kill tens of thousands of people per year and result in injuries  ranging from minor to crippling to many more people.  And the layout and design of cities, and the birth of suburbs and bedroom communities, have been altered the world in a way that is difficult to erase.

SaNe1899

Dreyfus Affair

The opposition before that took place at the turn of the century.  This time was especially potent as discussed  previously  and we can see from our perspective that it was truly the death of the old society that had existed  up to the Twentieth Century, and Modernism was being born.  But on a more particular level, consider the Dreyfus Affair in France.  A member of the French military had been sentenced for treason in the early part of the last decade of the Nineteenth Century.  Many, perhaps most, at least in France, had initially accepted the verdict.   But as time went on more doubts arose,  and the actual person who had committed the treason,  a relative of Hungarian royalty, was found.  Dreyfus had been brought back from the French penal colony on Devil’s Island off the coast of South America for a second trial in 1899.  While he was expected to be freed, the second trial also found him guilty. The  uproar of such  a miscarriage of justice forced the government of France to pardon him, and Dreyfus was convinced to accepted the pardon.  What has seemed like a good idea at the beginning of the decade turned out to be a large stain on France.

SaNe1863

Civil War

The opposition of Saturn and Neptune before that was 1862-63.  This was the Civil War in America, whose disillusion colored the next forty years.  Now that we are celebrating the 150th anniversary no one remembers just how bloody were the battles and how many people of the country were affected.  This was by far the biggest war ever fought on US soil.   One book that tries to capture the horror of the Civil War is This Republic of Suffering by Drew Gilpin Faust.

SaNe1963

Death of Kennedy

Moving forward after the Korean War, the opening square after that war was 1963.  The young president of the United States,  John Fitzgerald Kennedy, was killed  by assassination.   Many people at the time though this was the end of innocence  of America, that the Dream of Camelot was gone.  Even now there is much nostalgia for this time and Kennedy is considered a great peace maker, even though during his term the world   came  closer to a nuclear war than any time   before or since, though currently we are trying our best to gin up another war with a nuclear power, under a President who has been compared to Kennedy.

SaNe1971

Late Vietnam War

The following opposition was in 1970-71. The Vietnam War had gone on for at least ten years, increasingly bloody, with little possibility of victory just around the corner, even though many government officials always saw a light at the end of the tunnel.  There was increasing dissent in the United States, and things were occasionally turning violent.  It was also the end of that mythical time called “The Sixties” — a killing at the rock concert at the Altamont Speedway in California the previous year was  regarded as the end.  Reality was back.

Sane1980

End of Carter Presidency

The square after that was in 1979-80.  This was near the end of the Carter presidency in the United States, and people were just plain disillusioned.  The hostages from the American embassy in Tehran had been captured by Iranian militants and American were increasingly unhappy with the Revolutionary government in Iran, unaware that the deposed Shah of Iran had been put in place  by the CIA over 35 years previously.  There was increasing anger towards Iran — the slogan “Nuke Iran” was appearing as graffiti in many places.  An attempted rescue of the hostages had gone very bad.  Carter delivered his famous “Maliase” speech which portended  our current crises, but at that time only depressed people further.  Also, an urge for “market solutions” was welling up from the populace, having been propagandize by corporations following the Powell Doctrine, put in place in the early part of the decade by Lewis Powell, who was on the Supreme Court at the time.  This doctrine urged businesses to fight back since they were being out gunned by the forces of democracy from the Sixties.

SaNe1989

Fall of Berlin Wall

The conjunction  in 1989 will be dealt with separately.  This time saw the fall of the Berlin Wall and of many Communist countries such as Poland.  The Communist experiment, which had first successfully taken control of a government 60 years previously was  coming apart at the seams.

SaNe1998

Impeachment of Bill Clinton

The  square after this was in 1998-99.  This  was the closing years of the Clinton Presidency and saw the impeachment of that President.  The long impeachment of the President went on for months and alternatively filled the  news cycle and disgusted much of the American public.  By the end of the impeachment any remaining glow of the Clinton Presidency was gone, and the boom of the Clinton years, due to the “”dot.com”  bubble that had expanded after the World Wide Web and the public awareness of the Internet, which had existed for 30 years by that point, was about to break.  As  is typical in modern times, by the last two  years of a two term Presidency, everyone was ready for something else.

SaNe2007

Iraq War Fatigue

Finally  the opposition after that was in 2006-07.   The War in Iraq had been going on for a few years, and not only were people disillusioned with that war, in America and abroad,  but Americans were also disillusioned with the whole Bush presidency.  There was talk about impeaching him.  This call  was  not taken up by the “loyal opposition”, which did not want to rock the ship of state but to only assume the reins of power. There was also a large housing boom, where many, many people were getting into the market, and very few warned that this would end badly.